Prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory ratios in early glottic cancer treated with transoral laser surgery.

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence regarding the prognostic utility of ratios such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SIII) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, most studies to date include heterogeneous series with different treatments or tumor subsites. METHODS: We collected data from 201 patients with stage I-II glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated with transoral laser surgery. NLR, PLR, and SIII were calculated from preoperative cell blood count, cut-off points were obtained by ROC curve analysis, and survival rates were calculated. RESULTS: High NLR (p = 0.012) and SIII (p = 0.037), but not PLR (p = 0.48), were associated with worse disease-specific survival (DSS). A similar trend was observed with overall survival (OS), although it did not reach statistical significance. On multivariable analyses, both high NLR (HR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.5-9.9, p = 0.006) and high SIII (HR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.1-6.9, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with shortened DSS. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative NLR and SIII emerge as independent prognostic biomarkers for early-stage surgically treated glottic tumors and could guide individualized follow-up.

Trastornos del habla en personas con esclerosis múltiple y su repercusión en la calidad de vida / Speech disorders in people with multiple sclerosis and its impact on the quality of life

Introducción: La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad desmielinizante de origen autoinmune que afecta al sistema nervioso central. Entre los daños que ocasiona se encuentran las alteraciones del habla, lo que compromete la capacidad comunicativa de las personas con esta enfermedad, disminuyendo así su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Analizar cómo influyen los trastornos de habla de las personas con esclerosis múltiple en las medidas de calidad de vida. Material y método: Participaron 45 personas con esclerosis múltiple, 14 (31.11%) con alteraciones del habla y 31 (68.88%) sin ellas. A todos se les pasó el Protocolo de Evaluación del Habla (PEH) y 2pruebas de calidad de vida (QoL-Dys y FAMS). Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en la calidad de vida general entre los participantes con y sin alteraciones del habla, pero sí en los ítems referidos a los índices de tristeza y depresión y en la prueba de calidad de vida específica respecto al habla. Conclusiones: Las personas con esclerosis múltiple muestran una reducción del tiempo máximo de fonación independientemente de que tengan o no disartria. Cuando esta está presente, la percepción que tienen sobre su calidad de vida se ve más afectada, especialmente respecto a las reacciones percibidas de terceras personas y a los índices de tristeza y depresión.(AU)

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of autoimmune origin that affects the central nervous system. Among the damages it causes are the alterations of speech, which compromises the communicative capacity of people with this disease, thus decreasing their quality of life. Objective: To analyze how speech disorders of people with multiple sclerosis influence quality of life measures. Material and method: 45 people with multiple sclerosis participated, 31 (68.88%) with no speech alterations and 31 (68,88%) with them. A speech assessment protocol (PEH), and 2quality of life test (QoL-Dys and FAMS) were applied to all the participants. Results: There are no differences in the general quality of life between participants with and without speech alterations, but there are differences in the items related to the rates of sadness and depression; and in the specific quality of life test regarding speech. Conclusions: People with multiple sclerosis show a reduction in maximum phonation time regardless of whether or not they have dysarthria. When this is present, their perception of their quality of life is more affected, especially with regard to the perceived reactions and the levels of sadness and depression.(AU)

Factores dependientes del paciente adulto y su relación con la hemorragia y el dolor postamigdalectomía en régimen ambulatorio / Dependent factors in the adult patient and their relationship with post-tonsillectomy bleeding and pain in an outpatient setting

Introducción y objetivo: La amigdalectomía realizada de forma ambulatoria en pacientes adultos presenta como principales complicaciones postoperatorias la hemorragia y el dolor.El seguimiento de directrices como la técnica quirúrgica fría, protocolos analgésicos, entrevista preoperatoria y seguimiento postoperatorio ayudan a un mejor control del proceso. No obstante, existen factores dependientes del paciente como el sexo, la edad, la indicación de la amigdalectomía y el tiempo transcurrido entre la última infección amigdalar y la intervención quirúrgica que pueden influir en las complicaciones postoperatorias y deben ser considerados.El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la influencia de la edad, el sexo, la indicación de la amigdalectomía y el periodo transcurrido entre la última infección amigdalar y la intervención quirúrgica sobre la hemorragia y el control del dolor.MétodosPara ello se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, observacional, con 96 pacientes adultos que fueron intervenidos en régimen ambulatorio bajo anestesia general, empleando técnica quirúrgica fría, evaluando estas complicaciones en función de la edad, sexo, indicación para la amigdalectomía y el tiempo transcurrido tras la última amigdalitis.ResultadosLos pacientes intervenidos a lo largo de las cuatro semanas posteriores a un episodio de amigdalitis presentaron más dolor postoperatorio. No se encontró relación entre este periodo de tiempo y la hemorragia postoperatoria. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Tonsillectomy performed on an outpatient basis in adult patients presents bleeding and pain as main postoperative complications.Following rules such as cold surgical technique, analgesic protocols, preoperative interview, and postoperative follow-up help to better control the process. However, there are patient-dependent factors such as sex, age, indication for tonsillectomy and the time elapsed between the last tonsil infection and surgical intervention that can influence postoperative complications and should be considered.The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of age, sex, the indication for tonsillectomy and the period elapsed between the last tonsil infection and surgery on bleeding and pain control.MethodsA prospective, descriptive, and observational study was carried out in 96 adult patients who underwent outpatient surgery under general anaesthesia, using cold surgical technique, evaluating these complications based on age, sex, indication for tonsillectomy and time elapsed after the last tonsillitis.ResultsThe patients operated on during the 4 weeks after an episode of tonsillitis presented more postoperative pain. No relationship was found between this period and postoperative bleeding.ConclusionsMale patients had a higher incidence of bleeding than women.The period elapsed between the last tonsil infection and the surgical procedure was associated with greater postoperative pain, but not with greater postoperative bleeding. (AU)

Dependent factors in the adult patient and their relationship with post-tonsillectomy bleeding and pain in an outpatient setting.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Tonsillectomy performed on an outpatient basis in adult patients presents bleeding and pain as main postoperative complications. Following rules such as cold surgical technique, analgesic protocols, preoperative interview, and postoperative follow-up help to better control the process. However, there are patient-dependent factors such as sex, age, indication for tonsillectomy and the time elapsed between the last tonsil infection and surgical intervention that can influence postoperative complications and should be considered. The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of age, sex, the indication for tonsillectomy and the period elapsed between the last tonsil infection and surgery on bleeding and pain control. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive, and observational study was carried out in 96 adult patients who underwent outpatient surgery under general anaesthesia, using cold surgical technique, evaluating these complications based on age, sex, indication for tonsillectomy and time elapsed after the last tonsillitis. RESULTS: The patients operated on during the 4 weeks after an episode of tonsillitis presented more postoperative pain. No relationship was found between this period and postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Male patients had a higher incidence of bleeding than women. The period elapsed between the last tonsil infection and the surgical procedure was associated with greater postoperative pain, but not with greater postoperative bleeding.

Voice outcomes in patients with advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer treated with chemo-radiotherapy.

Objective: Patients with locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer (LHC) are often treated with chemo-radiotherapy to avoid total laryngectomy, although voice problems may occur even if not markedly manifest. We sought to evaluate the impact of chemoradiation on voice and quality of life. Methods: We studied 21 patients with locally advanced LHC with tumour control at least two years after chemo-radiotherapy. None manifested clinical symptoms related to the treatment and maintained an activity considered as within normal limits. All patients had a voice handicap index (VHI) of less than 15. Voice function was evaluated by perceptual vocal analysis (CAPE-V) and aerodynamic and acoustic study. Quality of life was assessed with the EORTC-H&N35 (voice items 46, 53 and 54). Results: Voice changes were frequent, with alterations in all CAPE-V attributes, and predominantly type II and III spectrograms in acoustic analysis (78%). The EORTC-H&N35 scale showed a reduction in scores in 10-40% of items related to voice. Conclusions: Subclinical voice disorders are common after chemo-radiotherapy. Although patients consider vocal impairment to be very minor and to not interfere with their daily life, it may contribute to a reduced quality of life.

Asymptomatic swallowing disorders may be present in individuals with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer treated with chemo-radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: Patients with advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer are often treated with chemo-radiotherapy to avoid total laryngectomy. Subclinical swallowing disorders could be present in these patients even though patients do not complain of any symptoms. We sought to evaluate the impact of chemoradiation on swallowing and quality of life. METHODS: We studied 21 patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy for advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. All patients were tumor-free and none reported symptoms related to dysphagia during follow-up or showed altered routine screening tests (EAT-10) to detect it. Swallowing functions were assessed using volume-viscosity swallow test (V-VST) and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Quality of life was assessed with the EORT-H&N35, and SWAL-QOL scales. RESULTS: Frequent alterations in swallowing efficacy (100%) and safety (85.5%) were detected with V-VST and FEES. Quality-of-life scales showed a reduction in their scores between 12 and 17%, mainly in the areas of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Swallowing disorders are common after chemo-radiotherapy, even in patients who do not clinically manifest these disorders, contributing to a decrease in patients' quality of life. FEES and V-VST are useful procedures to detect asymptomatic swallowing disorders.

Encuesta latinoamericana sobre el grado de variación de la actividad asistencial en los Servicios de Cardiología Intervencionista por la pandemia COVID-19. Subanálisis de la situación de Uruguay / Latin American survey on the degree of variation in healthcare activity in Interventional Cardiology Services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sub-analysis of the situation in Uruguay / Pesquisa latino-americana sobre o grau de variação da atividade de saúde nos Serviços de Cardiologia Intervencionista devido à pandemia do COVID-19. Subanálise da situação no Uruguai

Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: como consecuencia de la pandemia COVID-19 se ha comprobado una reducción de la actividad cardiológica intervencionista. El objetivo de esta encuesta fue cuantificar esta disminución y el impacto en el manejo del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMceST) en Uruguay. Método: se realizó una encuesta telemática a los centros de hemodinamia de Uruguay, contextualizada en una encuesta latinoamericana. Se registraron los cateterismos diagnósticos, las intervenciones coronarias y estructurales, así como la percepción de la asistencia del IAMceST y sobre la afección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 del personal de cardiología intervencionista. Se compararon dos periodos del año 2020: 24 de febrero al 8 de marzo (pre COVID-19) y 23 de marzo al 5 de abril (COVID-19). Resultados: respondieron todos los centros del país (n=8). Hubo una clara disminución en el número de procedimientos diagnósticos (36,1%), angioplastias coronarias (20,3%), intervenciones estructurales (88,9%) y angioplastias en IAMceST (37,3%). Se observó una disminución del diagnóstico y según la percepción de los encuestados, una mayor demora en reperfundir al IAMceST. Un centro reportó infección por SARS-CoV-2 en su personal. Si bien hubo una disminución de la actividad en todos los centros, el comportamiento fue homogéneo. Conclusiones: se observó una reducción importante de la actividad asistencial cardiológica intervencionista durante el inicio de la epidemia COVID-19 y una gran disminución en el número de pacientes tratados con IAMceST.

Summary: Introduction and objectives: because of the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction in activity has been verified in interventional cardiology. The objective of this survey was to quantify this decrease and the impact on the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Uruguay. Methods: a telematic survey was carried out in Uruguay, in the context of a Latin American countries survey. Diagnostic catheterizations, coronary and structural interventions were recorded, as well as the perception of STEMI attendance and SARS-CoV-2 involvement of the health care staff. Two periods of 2020 were compared: 1st from February 24th to March 8th (pre COVID-19) and the 2nd from March 23rd to April 5th (COVID-19). Results: response was obtained from all centers (n=8) of the country. There was a significant decrease in the number of diagnostic procedures (36.1%), coronary interventions (20.3%), structural therapy (88.9%) and PCI in STEMI (37.3%). Less use of thrombolysis was indicated and a perception of respondents of longer delay to reperfusion. One center reported SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although there was a varied decrease in activity between the different centers, the behavior was homogeneous. Conclusions: a significant reduction in healthcare activity was observed during the COVID-19 epidemic and a great decrease in the number of patients treated with STEMI.

Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: como conseqüência da pandemia do COVID-19, uma redução na atividade foi observada na cardiologia intervencionista. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi quantificar essa diminuição e o impacto no manejo do infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de segmento ST no Uruguai. Métodos: uma pesquisa telemática foi realizada em centros hemodinâmicos do Uruguai, no contexto de uma pesquisa latino-americana. Foram registrados cateterismos diagnósticos, intervenções coronárias e estruturais, bem como a percepção de assistência para infarto agudo do miocárdio e sobre a condição COVID-19 da equipe de cardiologia intervencionista. Foram comparados dois períodos do ano 2020: 24 de fevereiro a 8 de março (pré COVID-19) e 23 de março a 5 de abril (COVID-19). Resultados: todos os centros (n = 8) do país responderam. Houve uma diminuição significativa no número de procedimentos diagnósticos (36,1%), angioplastias coronárias (20,3%), intervenções estruturais (88,9%) e angioplastia no IAMEST (37,3%). Foi observada uma diminuição no diagnóstico e uma percepção dos entrevistados de um maior atraso na reperfusão do IAMceST. Um centro relatou infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Embora tenha havido uma diminuição variada da atividade entre os diferentes centros, o comportamento foi homogêneo. Conclusões: observou-se uma redução significativa da atividade assistencial durante a epidemia COVID-19 e uma grande diminuição no número de pacientes tratados com IAMEST.

Prognostic Significance of the Pluripotency Factors NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play major roles in tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to cancer therapy. Several CSC markers have been studied in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), including the pluripotency factors NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4; however, their clinical significance is still unclear. NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 expression was evaluated by immunochemistry in 348 surgically-treated HNSCC, and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes. mRNA expression was further analyzed in 530 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC. NANOG protein expression was detected in 250 (72%) cases, more frequently in patients with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003), and was an independent predictor of better survival in multivariate analysis. While OCT4 expression was undetectable, SOX2 expression was observed in 105 (30%) cases, and strongly correlated with NANOG expression. Combined expression of both proteins showed the highest survival rates, and double-negative cases the worst survival. Strikingly, the impact of NANOG and SOX2 on outcome varied depending on tumor site and lymph node infiltration, specifically showing prognostic significance in pharyngeal tumors. Correlation between NANOG and SOX2 at mRNA and protein was specifically observed in node positive (N+) patients, and consistently correlated with better survival rates. According to our findings, NANOG protein expression is frequent in HNSCC, thereby emerging as an independent predictor of better prognosis in pharyngeal tumors. Moreover, this study uncovers a differential impact of NANOG and SOX2 expression on HNSCC prognosis, depending on tumor site and lymph node infiltration, which could facilitate high-risk patient stratification.

Retropharyngeal abscess and mediastinitis as an uncommon complication of varicella infection.

Varicella infection is one of the most common and contagious infection in children and could course with severe complications. We report the case of a 4-year-old patient derived to our hospital for suspicion of suppurative complication in the context of a varicella infection. A computerized tomographic scanning was performed, showing a large retropharyngeal abscess with mediastinitis. Complications of varicella are up to 2% of patients, but this is the first report of a retropharyngeal and mediastinal abscess in this context. In the face of clinical suspicion, early intervention is important through imaging, intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage in necessary cases.

Comparación de la producción vocal en niños con hipoacusia prelocutiva con adaptación audioprotésica e implante coclear con normooyentes / Vowel production in hearing impaired children: A comparison between normal-hearing, hearing-aided and cochlear-implanted children

Introducción y objetivos: La inadecuada retroalimentación auditiva en los niños con hipoacusia prelocutiva altera la articulación de consonantes y vocales. El propósito de esta investigación es comparar la producción de vocales en niños hipoacúsicos hispanohablantes con implante coclear o adaptación audioprotésica con niños normooyentes por medio del análisis acústico de las frecuencias formánticas y el espacio vocal. Método: Un total de 56 niños con hipoacusia prelocutiva (25 con implante coclear y 31 con audífonos) y 47 niños normooyentes participaron en el estudio. Los 2 primeros formantes (F1 y F2) de las 5 vocales del idioma español se midieron utilizando el programa Praat. Para analizar las diferencias entre los 3 grupos se aplicó el método ANOVA de análisis de la varianza y el test de Scheffé. También se calculó el área del espacio vocal. Resultados: El valor medio del F1 en todas las vocales no mostró diferencias significativas en los 3 grupos de niños. Para las vocales /i/, /o/ y /u/ el valor medio del F2 fue significativamente diferente entre los 2 grupos de niños hipoacúsicos y el grupo de niños normooyentes. Conclusión: Ambos grupos de niños con hipoacusia prelocutiva tienden a presentar sutiles desviaciones en la articulación de las vocales que pueden ser analizadas mediante un programa de análisis acústico

Introduction and objectives: Inadequate auditory feedback in prelingually deaf children alters the articulation of consonants and vowels. The purpose of this investigation was to compare vowel production in Spanish-speaking deaf children with cochlear implantation, and with hearing-aids with normal-hearing children by means of acoustic analysis of formant frequencies and vowel space. Methods: A total of 56 prelingually deaf children (25 with cochlear implants and 31 wearing hearing-aids) and 47 normal-hearing children participated. The first 2 formants (F1 and F2) of the five Spanish vowels were measured using Praat software. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Scheffé test were applied to analyze the differences between the 3 groups. The surface area of the vowel space was also calculated. Results: The mean value of F1 in all vowels was not significantly different between the 3 groups. For vowels /i/, /o/ and /u/, the mean value of F2 was significantly different between the 2 groups of deaf children and their normal-hearing peers. Conclusion: Both prelingually hearing-impaired groups tended toward subtle deviations in the articulation of vowels that could be analyzed using an objective acoustic analysis programme

The Novel Role of SOX2 as an Early Predictor of Cancer Risk in Patients with Laryngeal Precancerous Lesions.

The SOX2 gene located at 3q26 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in multiple cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The tumor-promoting activity and involvement of SOX2 in tumor progression has been extensively demonstrated, thereby emerging as a promising therapeutic target. However, the role of SOX2 in early stages of tumorigenesis and its possible contribution to malignant transformation remain unexplored. This study investigates for the first time SOX2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and gene amplification by real-time PCR using a large series of 94 laryngeal precancerous lesions. Correlations with the histopathological classification and the risk of progression to invasive carcinoma were established. Nuclear SOX2 expression was frequently detected in 38 (40%) laryngeal dysplasias, whereas stromal cells and normal adjacent epithelia showed negative expression. SOX2 gene amplification was detected in 18 (33%) of 55 laryngeal dysplasias. Univariate Cox analysis showed that SOX2 gene amplification (p = 0.046) and protein expression (p < 0.001) but not histological grading (p = 0.432) were significantly associated with laryngeal cancer risk. In multivariate stepwise analysis including age, tobacco, histology, SOX2 gene amplification and SOX2 expression, SOX2 expression (HR = 3.531, 95% CI 1.144 to 10.904; p = 0.028) was the only significant independent predictor of laryngeal cancer development. These findings underscore the relevant role of SOX2 in early tumorigenesis and a novel clinical application of SOX2 expression as independent predictor of laryngeal cancer risk in patients with precancerous lesions beyond current WHO histological grading. Therefore, targeting SOX2 could lead to effective strategies for both cancer prevention and treatment.

Vowel production in hearing impaired children: A comparison between normal-hearing, hearing-aided and cochlear-implanted children. / Comparación de la producción vocal en niños con hipoacusia prelocutiva con adaptación audioprotésica e implante coclear con normooyentes.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Inadequate auditory feedback in prelingually deaf children alters the articulation of consonants and vowels. The purpose of this investigation was to compare vowel production in Spanish-speaking deaf children with cochlear implantation, and with hearing-aids with normal-hearing children by means of acoustic analysis of formant frequencies and vowel space. METHODS: A total of 56 prelingually deaf children (25 with cochlear implants and 31 wearing hearing-aids) and 47 normal-hearing children participated. The first 2 formants (F1 and F2) of the five Spanish vowels were measured using Praat software. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Scheffé test were applied to analyze the differences between the 3 groups. The surface area of the vowel space was also calculated. RESULTS: The mean value of F1 in all vowels was not significantly different between the 3 groups. For vowels /i/, /o/ and /u/, the mean value of F2 was significantly different between the 2 groups of deaf children and their normal-hearing peers. CONCLUSION: Both prelingually hearing-impaired groups tended toward subtle deviations in the articulation of vowels that could be analyzed using an objective acoustic analysis programme.

Oncological and functional outcomes of transoral laser surgery for laryngeal carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) has become the standard approach for treatment of early-stage laryngeal carcinoma in most institutions due to their good oncological and functional results with few local complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the oncological and functional results of TLM in the treatment of laryngeal tumors at our Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) treated from 1998 to 2013 with TLM with curative intention, and with a minimum follow-up of 24 months, were reviewed. RESULTS: 203 patients with LSCC were included. 195 patients were men (96%) and 8 women (4%), with a mean age of 63 years. The series includes 134 (66%) T1, 40 (20%) T2, and 29 (14%) T3-classified tumors. 116 tumors (57%) were in the glottis, 79 (39%) in the supraglottis and 8 (4%) in the anterior commissure. 16 patients (8%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. Initial local control was obtained in 75.5% of patients. The 5-year overall survival rate was 84% and the 5-year disease-specific survival was 90%. The presence of nodal metastasis (p < 0.001) and the involvement of the surgical margins (p = 0.004) were associated with a lower disease-specific survival in the multivariate analysis. All but three patients with local control of the disease reassumed oral diet, and none were tracheostomy-dependent. The 5-year laryngeal preservation rate was 85%. CONCLUSIONS: TLM is a minimally invasive treatment for early and moderately-advanced laryngeal carcinomas, with good oncologic and functional outcomes, and few complications as well.

Impacto clínico-funcional del traslado directo desde domicilio a un centro con servicio de hemodinamia en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación de ST / Clinical-functional impact of direct transfer from home to a center with hemodynamic service in acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation

Antecedentes: la demora en la reperfusión del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del ST (IAMCST) es un determinante mayor de su evolución clínica y funcional. Objetivo: analizar el impacto del traslado directo desde domicilio a un centro con hemodinamia sobre los tiempos de reperfusión y la evolución clínico-ecocardiográfica del IAMCST. Material y método: se diseñó un estudio prospectivo, observacional, que incluyó los pacientes con IAMCST recibidos en el servicio de hemodinamia del Instituto de Cardiología Intervencionista de Casa de Galicia (INCI) para angioplastia transluminal coronaria (ATC) primaria del 1º de febrero de 2016 al 30 de setiembre de 2016. Los pacientes se clasificaron en dos grupos: 1) traslado directo desde domicilio a servicio de hemodinamia y 2) traslado desde otro centro asistencial. Se evaluaron los tiempos dolor-primer contacto médico (PCM) y PCM-balón. Se comparó la evolución clínica, la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) y el score de contractilidad sectorial del VI a corto plazo (a las 48 horas tras el ingreso y al mes) entre ambos grupos. Resultados: se incluyeron 124 pacientes, 38 mujeres (31%), edad media 63,2±13,5 años. El tiempo PCM-balón representó el 54,7% del tiempo isquémico. Provenían de domicilio 51 pacientes (41%). El tiempo de reperfusión en el grupo 1 fue 284±241 min vs 498±309 min en el grupo 2 (p<0,001), mientras que el tiempo PCM-balón del grupo 1 fue 111±76,3 min vs 263±175,1 min del grupo 2, (p<0,001). No existieron diferencias significativas entre los grupos 1 y 2 en referencia a la FEVI medida al ingreso (49,5±9,33% vs 46,5±9,78%) y al mes (53,0±-8,5) vs (50,2±10,5). El score de contractilidad inicial fue menor en el grupo 1 (1,37±0,39) que en el grupo 2 (1,46±0,31) (p=0,029), mientras que no mostró diferencias significativas en el control al mes (1,23±0,26) vs 1,34±0,32. La mortalidad total fue de 12 pacientes (9,7%) y antes de las 48 horas, 8 pacientes (6,5%). La tasa de eventos cardíacos adversos mayores (ECAM: reinfarto, revascularización urgente, muerte y accidente cerebrovascular [ACV]) no difirió entre ambos grupos. Los pacientes que sufrieron ECAM presentaron mayor score de contractilidad inicial y menor FEVI inicial y al mes. Conclusión: la estrategia de traslado directo desde domicilio a un centro de hemodinamia se asocia con un menor tiempo isquémico total a expensas de un menor tiempo PCM-balón, menor tiempo PCM-puerta y con un mejor score de contractilidad segmentaria inicial.

Background: delayed reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI) is a major determinant of its clinical and functional course. Objective: to analyze the impact of the direct transfer from home to a center with hemodynamic service on the reperfusion times and in the clinical and echocardiographic evolution of the STEMI. Method: a prospective, observational study was designed that included patients with STEMI received at the INCI hemodynamic service for primary coronary transluminal angioplasty (TCA) from 1st.February 2016 to 30th September 2016. Patients were classified in two groups: 1) direct transfer from home to hemodynamic service and 2) transfer from another care center. Pain-first medical contact (FMC) and FMC-device times were evaluated. The short-term clinical evolution, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular sector contractility score (at 48 hours post admission and at one month) were compared between both groups. Results: we included 124 patients, 38 (31%) women, mean age 63.2±13.5 years. FMC-device time accounted for 54.7% of ischemic time. 51 patients (41%) were direct transfer from domicile. The reperfusion time in group 1 was 284 ± 241 min vs. 498 ± 309 min in group 2 (p <0.001), while the FMC-device time of group 1 was 111 ± 76.3 min vs 263 ± 175.1 min of group 2, (p <0.001). There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 in relation to LVEF measured at admission (49.5 ± 9.33% vs. 46.5 ± 9.78%) and at one month (53.0 ± -8.5) vs. (50.2 ± 10.5). The initial contractility score was lower in group 1 (1.37 ± 0.39) than in group 2 (1.46 ± 0.31) (p = 0.029), whereas it did not show significant differences in control and at one month (1.23 ± 0.26). 1.34 ± 0.32. The total mortality was 12 patients (9.7%) and 8 patients (6.5%) before 48 hours. The rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion: the strategy of direct transfer from home to a hemodynamic center is associated with a shorter total ischemic time at the expense of a shorter FMC-device time and a shorter FMC-door time and with a better segmental contractility score.

52. Predictores de mortalidad en pacientes mayores de 80 años revascularizados con ATC

Antecedentes: la población está sufriendo un importante envejecimiento en nuestro país y la angioplastia coronaria se ha constituido en el método de revascularización más frecuentemente utilizado en pacientes añosos. Objetivo: determinar predictores de mortalidad en pacientes mayores de 80 años revascularizados con ATC. Material y método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo. Se seleccionaron aquellos pacientes de 80 o más años de edad en los que se realizó ATC de al menos una arteria en el período 2010-2016. Se valoraron características de la población considerando factores de riesgo coronario y forma de presentación clínica. Se evaluó la mortalidad y sus predictores. La supervivencia se calculó mediante curvas de Kaplan Meier y se compararon los grupos mediante test de log Rank. Los predictores se calcularon con pruebas de asociación mediante test exacto de Fisher. Resultados: se incluyeron 449 pacientes de los cuales 225 eran mujeres (50,11%) con una edad media de 83,71 (± 2,98) años. Se presentaron como SCACEST 177/449 (39,42%), SCASEST 215/449 (47,88%), sin SCA 145/449 (32%), ATC de rescate 5/449 (1,1%). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 22/449 (4,9%) y a 30 días 43/449 (9,58%). La mortalidad hospitalaria en los pacientes con SCACEST fue de 18/177 (10,17%) significativamente mayor que en los SCASEST 2/122, (1,6%, p=0,0037) y que en pacientes sin SCA 2/145 (1,4%, p=0,0025). Al mes la mortalidad también fue mayor en los SCACEST 30/177 (16,95%) que en los SCASEST 6/122(4,9% p=0,0031), y que en los sin SCA 7/145(4,8% p=0,0013). La diabetes resultó ser un predictor independiente de mortalidad hospitalaria: 9,57% en los diabéticos y 3,29% en los no diabéticos (p= 0,011) (IC 95%). A 30 días fueron predictores de mortalidad la ausencia de ATC previa con una mortalidad de 11,40% en los que no tenían ATC y 3,06% de los que sí tenían (p=0,011) y la ATC de TCI con una mortalidad de 23,08% versus 4,36% (p=0,02). Conclusiones: los predictores independientes de mortalidad hospitalaria fueron la diabetes y el SCACEST y los predictores de mortalidad a 30 días fueron la presentación con SCACEST, la ATC de TCI y la ausencia de ATC previa.

A Novel Role For Nanog As An Early Cancer Risk Marker In Patients With Laryngeal Precancerous Lesions.

NANOG is a master regulator of embryonic stem cell pluripotency, found to be frequently aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers, including laryngeal carcinomas. This study investigates for the first time the role of NANOG expression in early stages of laryngeal tumourigenesis and its potential utility as cancer risk marker. NANOG protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using two large independent cohorts of patients with laryngeal precancerous lesions, and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and laryngeal cancer risk. NANOG expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 49 (60%) of 82 laryngeal dysplasias, whereas expression was negligible in patient-matched normal epithelia. Strong NANOG expression was found in 22 (27%) lesions and was established as cut-off point, showing the most robust association with laryngeal cancer risk (P = 0.003) superior to the histological classification (P = 0.320) the current gold standard in the clinical practice. Similar trends were obtained using a multicenter validation cohort of 86 patients with laryngeal dysplasia. Our findings uncover a novel role for NANOG expression in laryngeal tumourigenesis, and its unprecedented application as biomarker for cancer risk assessment.

Angioplastia coronaria en el infarto agudo de miocardio en pacientes con edad mayor o igual a 75 años

Objetivo: analizar la experiencia de nuestro servicio en angioplastia primaria en el infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) en pacientes con edad > o = 75 años. Métodos: se utilizó una base de datos para registrar datos demográficos, clínicos, angiográficos y técnicos de los pacientes tratados con angioplastia primaria. Se definió éxito angiográfico a la obtención de luz residual < 30% con balón y <10% con stent, con flujo distal TIMI II o III. Las variables cuantitativas se expresaron como media ± desviación estándar, las variables cualitativas como proporciones, p se calculó a través de la probabilidad exacta de Fisher a dos colas. Resultados: entre agosto de 1995 y setiembre de 2001 se realizaron 456 angioplastias primarias, siendo 81 (17,8%) en pacientes mayores de 75 años. En esta población, 38 pacientes (46,9%) fueron hombres, edad media 81,5 ± 5,2 años, IAM anterior 40 pacientes (49,4%), clase III-IV de Killip y Kimball (KK) 22 (27,2%). La mediana del tiempo dolor-balón fue de 180 minutos (P25-75: 120-240). Se implantó stent en 82,7% de los pacientes, con una tasa de 0,9 stent/paciente. El éxito angiográfico fue de 87,7%, obteniéndose un flujo TIMI III en 77,8%. Las complicaciones mayores intrahospitalarias fueron: IAM en un paciente, cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en otro, (1,2% respectivamente), accidente vascular encefálico en dos pacientes (2,4%), mortalidad global 17 pacientes (21,0%). La mortalidad según la clasificación de KK fue: 4/39 (7,7%), 1/20 (5,0%), 3/5 (60,0%) y 9/17 (52,9%) para clase I, II, III y IV respectivamente. La mortalidad de los pacientes sin shock fue 12,5%. La mortalidad según flujo TIMI en pacientes mayores de 75 años fue 9/63 (14,3%) en TIMI III versus 12/19 (63,2%) en TIMI<3, RR 4,42 (IC95%:2,21-8,86). Se realizó seguimiento a 75% de los pacientes por una media de 20,8 meses, resultando la sobrevida a los 20 meses de 50%. Conclusiones: la angioplastia primaria en el infarto agudo de miocardio en este grupo de pacientes de alto riesgo se realizó dentro de plazos aceptables, con éxito angiográfico elevado, con mortalidad concordante con series internacionales, tanto en pacientes con o sin shock, por lo cual debe ser considerada como opción terapéutica de reperfusión en este grupo etario.

Aims: the objective of this study was to report the experience in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with primary angioplasty (PA) in our center, in 75-year-old patients (P) and older. Methods and results: from August /1995 to September/2001, 456 P with AMI were treated with PA, 81 P (17.8%) were > or = 75 years old. Mean age was 81,5 ± 5,2 years, men were 38 P (46,9%), AMI location was anterior in 40 P (49,4%), Killip and Kimball (KK) class was III or IV in 22 P (27,2%). Mean time from pain onset to reperfusion was 180 minutes (P25-75:120-240). Stents were used in 82,7% of P, with a rate of 0,9 stent / P. An angiographic successful result was obtained in 87,7%, and final TIMI flow grade III was achieved in 77,8%. In-hospital complications included: AMI in 1 P, surgical revascularization in 1 P (1,2% respectively), stroke in 2 P (2,4%), overall mortality rate was 17/81 (21,0%), and 7,7%, 5,0%, 60,0% and 52,9% in patients in KK class I, II, III, IV, respectively. Mortality of P without shock was 12,5%. Mortality in P ³ 75 years old with final TIMI flow grade 3 was 9/63 P (14,3%) vs. 12/19 P (63,2%) in those with TIMI flow <3, OR 4,42 (95% CI 2,21-8,86). Follow up was obtained in 75% of the P with a survival rate of 50% at 20 months. Conclusions: timing of PA in this selected group of elder P was acceptable with high procedural success. Mortality in P with or without shock was congruent with those shown in other studies of elderly P with AMI.